至少十年来,奎诺特民族一直试图逃离崛起的太平洋时间不多了

体育作者 / 花爷 / 2025-03-09 14:23
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      TAHOLAH,洗。(美联社)——桑尼·柯利和他的父母及三个孩子住在华盛顿奥林匹克半岛的奎诺特保留地,距离太平洋只有几

  

  

  TAHOLAH,洗。(美联社)——桑尼·柯利和他的父母及三个孩子住在华盛顿奥林匹克半岛的奎诺特保留地,距离太平洋只有几步之遥。后甲板正在腐烂,里面的墙壁上布满了黑色的霉斑,如果他在房子里呆得太久,这位46岁的渔夫会感到筋疲力尽。

  “你可以感觉到你的身体不舒服;它在战斗,”柯利站在家里的厨房里说。“你在用自己的精力去对抗不应该存在的东西。”

  So<em></em>nny Curley holds his necklace as he speaks a<em></em>bout the home he shares with his children and parents Wednesday, May 22, 2024, on the Quinault reservation in Taholah, Wash. The Curley home has a rotting deck and black mold inside, and the family has had to evacuate several times due to flooding. (AP Photo/Lindsey Wasson)

  2024年5月22日,星期三,在华盛顿州塔霍拉的奎诺特保留地,桑尼·柯利拿着他的项链讲述他与孩子和父母分享的家。(美联社图片/Lindsey Wasson)

  So<em></em>nny Curley talks a<em></em>bout black mold visible in his parents' bathroom Wednesday, May 22, 2024, on the Quinault reservation in Taholah, Wash. Facing increased flooding from a rising Pacific Ocean, the Quinault Indian Nation has been working for over a decade to relocate Taholah, their largest village, to a new site on higher ground. e are my parents going to go and where are my kids going to go?" Sonny asked. (AP Photo/Lindsey Wasson)" srcset="https://dims.apnews.com/dims4/default/32b6e03/2147483647/strip/true/crop/4841x3225+0+1/resize/767x511!/quality/90/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.apnews.com%2F%5B-%2F63%2F%2C%20-43%2C%2072%2C%20-23%2C%20-38%2C%20-22%2C%2021%2C%20-31%2C%2039%2C%20120%2C%2015%2C%20-108%2C%20-48%2C%20-62%2C%20-41%2C%2042%2C%2024%2C%20-123%2C%2099%2C%20102%2C%20-53%2C%2097%2C%20-92%2C%20-113%2C%2018%2C%2020%2C%20-106%2C%200%5D%2F0dcd6f60432c48799dd6009338bd8bf0 1x,https://dims.apnews.com/dims4/default/a8126c0/2147483647/strip/true/crop/4841x3225+0+1/resize/1534x1022!/quality/90/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.apnews.com%2F%5B-%2F63%2F%2C%20-43%2C%2072%2C%20-23%2C%20-38%2C%20-22%2C%2021%2C%20-31%2C%2039%2C%20120%2C%2015%2C%20-108%2C%20-48%2C%20-62%2C%20-41%2C%2042%2C%2024%2C%20-123%2C%2099%2C%20102%2C%20-53%2C%2097%2C%20-92%2C%20-113%2C%2018%2C%2020%2C%20-106%2C%200%5D%2F0dcd6f60432c48799dd6009338bd8bf0 2x" src="http://www.meoxr.com/file/upload/202407/30/155319561.jpg" loading="lazy">

  2024年5月22日星期三,在华盛顿州塔霍拉的奎诺特保留地,桑尼·柯利谈到了他父母浴室里可见的黑霉。(美联社图片/Lindsey Wasson)

  Mold creeps up the side of the wall behind the washing machine at the Curley household Wednesday, May 22, 2024, on the Quinault reservation in Taholah, Wash. Facing increased flooding from a rising Pacific Ocean, the Quinault Indian Nation has been working for over a decade to relocate Taholah, their largest village, to a new site on higher ground. (AP Photo/Lindsey Wasson)

  2024年5月22日星期三,华盛顿州塔霍拉市奎诺特保留地,柯利家洗衣机后面的墙壁上爬满了霉菌。(美联社图片/Lindsey Wasson)

  So<em></em>nny Curley looks out to the seawall separating his property from the Pacific Ocean at the home he shares with his children and parents Wednesday, May 22, 2024, on the Quinault reservation in Taholah, Wash. Facing increased flooding from a rising Pacific, the Quinault Indian Nation has been working for over a decade to relocate Taholah to a new site on higher ground. The Curleys have had to evacuate several times due to flooding. (AP Photo/Lindsey Wasson)

  2024年5月22日,星期三,在华盛顿州塔霍拉的奎诺特保留地,桑尼·柯利与他的孩子和父母一起住在家里,他望着将他的财产与太平洋隔开的海堤。(美联社图片/Lindsey Wasson)

  自从柯利的父母大约15年前在部落最大的村庄塔霍拉(Taholah)买下房子以来,海洋离他们越来越近,这些都是海洋的影响。塔霍拉是基诺特河(Quinault River)流入太平洋的地方。他估计当时海洋离我们大约30英尺远。现在,海浪有时会超过15英尺高的海堤,在过去的四年里,这家人被迫撤离了三次,就像柯利84岁的母亲与日益严重的痴呆症作斗争一样。

  “太可怕了,”桑尼的妹妹汉娜·柯利(Hannah Curley)说,她住在三个街区之外,还没有撤离。“暴风雨大的夜晚,我会在晚上去检查几次,然后我也会在上面安装摄像头,这样我们就能看到情况是否真的变得很糟糕。”

  So<em></em>nny Curley displays his forearm tattoos of Chitwins, or black bears, at the home he shares with his children and parents, Wednesday, May 22, 2024, on the Quinault reservation in Taholah, Wash. The Curley home has a rotting deck and black mold speckling the inside, and the family has had to evacuate several times due to flooding, but they are co<em></em>ncerned a<em></em>bout starting over. e are my parents going to go and where are my kids going to go?" Sonny asked. (AP Photo/Lindsey Wasson)" srcset="https://dims.apnews.com/dims4/default/f2c4b6b/2147483647/strip/true/crop/5790x3857+0+1/resize/767x511!/quality/90/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.apnews.com%2F%5B-%2F70%2F%2C%20-114%2C%2035%2C%20-30%2C%20-65%2C%2063%2C%20-66%2C%20-39%2C%20-115%2C%20-3%2C%20-69%2C%2079%2C%20-109%2C%20-61%2C%20-65%2C%20-40%2C%2048%2C%2065%2C%2043%2C%20-127%2C%20119%2C%2054%2C%2014%2C%2076%2C%20-39%2C%20-68%2C%20-6%2C%2045%5D%2F21aaa8bc8b944ad7907bd21b7ef43e6d 1x,https://dims.apnews.com/dims4/default/92f442c/2147483647/strip/true/crop/5790x3857+0+1/resize/1534x1022!/quality/90/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.apnews.com%2F%5B-%2F70%2F%2C%20-114%2C%2035%2C%20-30%2C%20-65%2C%2063%2C%20-66%2C%20-39%2C%20-115%2C%20-3%2C%20-69%2C%2079%2C%20-109%2C%20-61%2C%20-65%2C%20-40%2C%2048%2C%2065%2C%2043%2C%20-127%2C%20119%2C%2054%2C%2014%2C%2076%2C%20-39%2C%20-68%2C%20-6%2C%2045%5D%2F21aaa8bc8b944ad7907bd21b7ef43e6d 2x" src="http://www.meoxr.com/file/upload/202407/30/155319421.jpg" loading="lazy">

  2024年5月22日星期三,华盛顿州塔霍拉市的奎诺特保留地,桑尼·柯利在他与孩子和父母共享的家中展示了他前臂上的奇温熊纹身。(美联社图片/Lindsey Wasson)

  So<em></em>nny Curley hands a cup of coffee to his father Harold Curley at their home near the ocean Wednesday, May 22, 2024, on the Quinault reservation in Taholah, Wash. The home has a rotting deck and black mold inside, and the family has had to evacuate several times due to flooding. (AP Photo/Lindsey Wasson)

  2024年5月22日星期三,华盛顿州塔霍拉的奎诺特保留地,桑尼·柯利在海边的家中递给父亲哈罗德·柯利一杯咖啡。(美联社图片/Lindsey Wasson)

  A row of houses sits feet from the rising Pacific Ocean, which often floods through and over the 15-foot seawall during winter king tides and storms Tuesday, May 14, 2024, on the Quinault reservation in Taholah, Wash. The Quinault Indian Nation has been working for over a decade to relocate Taholah, their largest village, to a new site on higher ground. (AP Photo/Lindsey Wasson)

  2024年5月14日,星期二,在华盛顿州塔霍拉的奎诺特保留区,一排房子坐落在距离上升的太平洋几英尺的地方,在冬季国王潮汐和风暴期间,太平洋经常淹没并淹没15英尺高的海堤。(美联社图片/Lindsey Wasson)

  面对不断上升的海平面和日益增多的洪水,奎诺特印第安人部落(Quinault Indian Nation)花了至少十年的时间,将塔霍拉(Taholah)的数百名居民和市政建筑搬迁到地势更高的地方。还有来自主要近海断层线的地震和海啸的威胁。但是,搬迁取决于资金,联邦和州的拨款远远低于估计需要的4亿多美元。

  “如果房子真的处于不适宜居住的状态,我们该去哪里?”桑尼·柯利纳闷。“我的父母要去哪里?我的孩子要去哪里?”

  华盛顿州的奎诺特印第安人部落(Quinault Indian Nation)花了至少十年的时间来重新安置数百名因太平洋海平面上升而家园受到威胁的人。他们最大的村庄塔霍拉(Taholah)遭遇了越来越多的洪水,但进展缓慢,总损失可能超过4亿美元。(美联社视频:曼努埃尔·瓦尔德斯、哈莉·戈尔登和林赛·沃森)

  编者注:这是部落和土著社区如何应对和应对气候变化系列文章的一部分。

  在美国各地,部落遭受了人为造成的气候变化的一些最严重的影响,但通常只有最少的资源来应对。一份联邦报告预测,到2050年,沿海地区的海平面将上升10到12英寸(0.25到0.3米),部落已经采取了迁移的关键步骤。其中包括位于奎诺特以南91英里(146公里)的浅滩湾印第安部落,以及阿拉斯加西海岸的纽托克村。

  “当你把人们搬到边缘土地上,把他们在社会中边缘化,你就把气候变化放在了上面……他们很容易受到气候的影响,”迈克尔·斯宾塞(Michael Spencer)说,他在华盛顿大学(University of Washington)研究并教授土著居民的社会工作和公共卫生。

  A fisherman kicks up spray while shaking out a net on the Quinault River, Tuesday, May 14, 2024, in Taholah, Wash. The tribe, which relies on salmon fishing for food, jobs and maintaining cultural traditions, has been facing salmon declines due to rising temperatures and glacier melt. (AP Photo/Lindsey Wasson)

  2024年5月14日星期二,在华盛顿州塔霍拉,一名渔民在奎诺河上抖网时踢起浪花。(美联社图片/Lindsey Wasson)

  150多年前,奎诺特人将数百万英亩的土地割让给了美国政府,以换取大约20万英亩的海岸保留区。奎诺特人在历史上以熟练的渔民和猎人而闻名,他们在水上进行贸易。部落领导人说,他们得到了和平和永久家园的承诺。但现在一个关键部分受到了威胁。

  塔霍拉靠近海洋,坐落在河口土壤和填充物上,这些土壤和填充物更容易被盐水渗透。美国国家海洋和大气管理局的气候科学家约翰·卡拉汉(John Callahan)说,由于平均潮汐距离为9英尺,预计未来几年海平面将加速上升,这将产生重大影响。

  从1957年到2022年,奎诺已经26次发布了与洪水有关的灾难声明,而且越来越频繁。自2016年以来,尽管美国陆军工程兵团在2014年将海堤提高了约4英尺(1.22米),但仍有大约四分之一的人来了。

  Marco Black Jr.,11, who lives near a seawall with his family feet away from the Pacific Ocean, watches his shot go through the basket as a neighborhood dog stands nearby, Wednesday, May 15, 2024, on the Quinault reservation in Taholah, Wash. Facing increased flooding from the rising ocean, the tribe has been working to relocate the village. (AP Photo/Lindsey Wasson)

  2024年5月15日星期三,华盛顿州塔霍拉的奎诺特保留地,11岁的小马可·布莱克(Marco Black Jr.)和家人住在离太平洋几英尺远的海堤附近,他看着自己的投篮穿过篮筐,旁边站着一只邻居家的狗。(美联社图片/Lindsey Wasson)

  A pair of eagles soar near a totem pole near the Quinault River, Wednesday, May 22, 2024, on the tribe's reservation in Taholah, Wash. Facing increased flooding from a rising Pacific Ocean, the Quinault Indian Nation has been working for over a decade to relocate Taholah, their largest village, to a new site on higher ground. (AP Photo/Lindsey Wasson)

  2024年5月22日星期三,在华盛顿州塔霍拉的部落保留地,一对老鹰在奎诺特河附近的图腾柱附近翱翔。(美联社图片/Lindsey Wasson)

  洪水使一些房屋发霉,并摧毁了几栋附属建筑。更糟糕的情况可能还在后面:根据2018年华盛顿海岸恢复项目的报告,预计到2100年,塔霍拉岛的海平面将上升1到2.6英尺。

  “我们看到海水漫过了护堤,实际上是冲到了房屋的屋顶上,甚至是屋顶上。在我50多岁的岁月里,我从未见过这样的事情,”奎诺总裁盖伊·卡波曼说。

  这个拥有3000多名成员的部落的经济以木材工业、海鲜商店、海滩度假村和赌场为动力。根据人口普查数据,大约四分之一的人生活在贫困线以下。

  该部落于2017年公布了一项搬迁计划,并在海拔约130英尺的半英里外的一个地点布置了59块带有人行道、路牌和消防栓的住宅用地。计划建造约300个住宅单位。他们已经搬迁了他们的世代大楼,其中包括老年人项目、启智计划和日托。

  新村庄被规划为一个适应气候变化的空间,有一个农场,如果他们在灾难期间被切断,可以提供食物,并提供太阳能和生物质能。

  Alyssa Johnston, project developer for the relocation, poses for a portrait at a site of 59 residential lots a half-mile away from the original village of Taholah, Wednesday, May 15, 2024, on the Quinault reservation in Taholah, Wash. Facing increased flooding from a rising Pacific Ocean, the Quinault Indian Nation has been working for over a decade to relocate Taholah, their largest village, to a new site on higher ground. (AP Photo/Lindsey Wasson)

  2024年5月15日,星期三,在华盛顿州塔霍拉的奎诺特保留地,搬迁项目的开发商艾丽莎·约翰斯顿在距离原塔霍拉村半英里的59个住宅地块上摆姿势拍照。(美联社图片/Lindsey Wasson)

  Marco Black Jr.,11, and father Marco Jacob Black Sr., right, who live on the village street closest to the Pacific Ocean, wave to a neighbor on an ATV as they sit on a picnic table, Wednesday, May 15, 2024, on the Quinault reservation in Taholah, Wash. Facing increased flooding from a rising Pacific Ocean, the Quinault Indian Nation has been working for over a decade to relocate the village. (AP Photo/Lindsey Wasson)

  2024年5月15日星期三,华盛顿州塔霍拉的奎诺特保留地,11岁的小马可·布莱克和父亲老马可·雅各布·布莱克(右)住在离太平洋最近的村庄街道上,他们坐在野餐桌上,向坐在沙滩上的邻居挥手致意。(美联社图片/Lindsey Wasson)

  但进展缓慢。内政部拨款2500万美元,其中大部分计划用于建造第一批住房,但由于提交规划和设计文件的漫长过程,一半以上的资金被搁置。

  “我猜,当你获得资金时,你会想:‘让我们开始吧。我们有钱,我们准备好了。我们搬家吧,”搬迁项目的开发商艾丽莎·约翰斯顿(Alyssa Johnston)说。“但在这个位置上待了几个月后,你就会发现,要获得资金,还有很多事情要做。”

  他们已经通过华盛顿州的气候承诺法案获得了1200万美元,但其中大部分将用于搬迁另一个基诺村,Queets,那里也有洪水问题。一小部分资金被指定用于研究冰川融化和河流温度上升导致的鲑鱼数量下降。从食物到工作再到文化传统,这个部落的一切都依赖于鱼。

  2020年,奎诺特为世代大厦获得了800万美元的贷款,并继续寻求额外的资金。但去年,该部落被拒绝了两项重要的联邦拨款。

  部落领导人说,没有人会被迫搬迁,一些居民也不想搬迁。

  James DeLaCruz Sr., 75, sits for a portrait in his home built 17 feet high so he can view the Pacific Ocean, Tuesday, May 14, 2024, on the Quinault reservation in Taholah, Wash. The tribe has been working to relocate the village. DeLaCruz Sr. doesn't want to move.

  2024年5月14日星期二,华盛顿州塔霍拉的奎诺特保留地,75岁的老詹姆斯·德拉克鲁斯坐在他17英尺高的房子里拍照,这样他就可以看到太平洋。(美联社图片/Lindsey Wasson)

  在离地面17英尺的小房子里,老詹姆斯·德拉克鲁斯(James DeLaCruz Sr.)目睹了过去30年的景观变化。他曾计划在门外的海滩上建一个休息区,但现在已经不够宽了。

  然而,75岁的德拉克鲁斯称海洋是他的“快乐之地”,从海浪的声音中找到安慰。他甚至喜欢暴风雨。

  “在任何一天,地球都可能在那里分裂;一个巨大的波浪。如果那是我们的使命,那就是使命。所以我不担心,”他说。“我在海边住了75年。我还在这里。”

  Jade Rodriguez's dog eyes a blueback, or Quinault sockeye salmon, before Rodriguez brings it to Quinault Pride Seafood to sell, Wednesday, May 22, 2024, in Taholah, Wash. The tribe relies on the fish for everything from food to jobs to cultural traditions. (AP Photo/Lindsey Wasson)

  2024年5月22日星期三,华盛顿州塔霍拉,杰德·罗德里格斯的狗在罗德里格斯把一条蓝背鱼带到奎诺骄傲海鲜店出售之前,正在观察它。(美联社图片/Lindsey Wasson)

  A blueback salmon, or Quinault sockeye, sits in a tub after being retrieved from the net of So<em></em>nny Curley's cousin Jade Rodriguez, Wednesday, May 22, 2024, on the Quinault reservation in Taholah, Wash. The tribe relies on the fish for everything from food to jobs to cultural traditions. (AP Photo/Lindsey Wasson)

  2024年5月22日星期三,华盛顿州塔霍拉的奎诺保留区,一条蓝背鲑鱼,或称奎诺红鲑,从桑尼·柯利的表妹杰德·罗德里格斯的网中捞出来后,坐在浴缸里。(美联社图片/Lindsey Wasson)

  Jade Rodriguez, left, drives his boat as he checks on his fishing nets with cousin So<em></em>nny Curley, Wednesday, May 22, 2024, on the Quinault reservation in Taholah, Wash. Due to salmon decline as a result of glacier melt and rising river temperatures, Curley has made less mo<em></em>ney from fishing. (AP Photo/Lindsey Wasson)

  2024年5月22日星期三,在华盛顿州塔霍拉的奎诺保留区,杰德·罗德里格斯(左)驾驶着他的船,和他的表弟桑尼·柯利检查他的渔网。(美联社图片/Lindsey Wasson)

  他还担心成本。柯利一家也是如此,他们的父母害怕在退休很久之后重新开始新的抵押贷款。没有桑尼的帮助,他们也能做到;鲑鱼数量的减少大大减少了他的收入,他最近不得不停止支付款项。

  但桑尼和汉娜知道该走了。

  汉娜·柯利说:“在这个地区,我们所有人都有一种爱恨交织的关系,因为我们是水、海洋和河流的民族。”

  “但另一方面,海洋有它自己的思想,你无法改变事物。”

  美联社的气候和环境报道得到了多个私人基金会的资助。美联社对所有内容全权负责。在AP.org上找到美联社与慈善机构合作的标准、支持者名单和资助范围。

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